Components

Pagination

Help users navigate forwards and backwards through a series of pages. For example, search results or guidance that’s divided into multiple website pages — like the GOV.UK mainstream guide format.

Open this example in a new tab: pagination
HTML
<nav class="govuk-pagination" role="navigation" aria-label="results">
  <div class="govuk-pagination__prev">
    <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" rel="prev">
      <svg class="govuk-pagination__icon govuk-pagination__icon--prev" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="13" width="15" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 15 13">
        <path d="m6.5938-0.0078125-6.7266 6.7266 6.7441 6.4062 1.377-1.449-4.1856-3.9768h12.896v-2h-12.984l4.2931-4.293-1.414-1.414z"></path>
      </svg>
      <span class="govuk-pagination__link-title">Previous</span></a>
  </div>
  <ul class="govuk-pagination__list">
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item">
      <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" aria-label="Page 1">
        1
      </a>
    </li>
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item govuk-pagination__item--current">
      <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" aria-label="Page 2" aria-current="page">
        2
      </a>
    </li>
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item">
      <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" aria-label="Page 3">
        3
      </a>
    </li>
  </ul>
  <div class="govuk-pagination__next">
    <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" rel="next"> <span class="govuk-pagination__link-title">Next</span> <svg class="govuk-pagination__icon govuk-pagination__icon--next" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="13" width="15" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 15 13">
        <path d="m8.107-0.0078125-1.4136 1.414 4.2926 4.293h-12.986v2h12.896l-4.1855 3.9766 1.377 1.4492 6.7441-6.4062-6.7246-6.7266z"></path>
      </svg></a>
  </div>
</nav>
Nunjucks
Nunjucks macro options

Use options to customise the appearance, content and behaviour of a component when using a macro, for example, changing the text.

Some options are required for the macro to work; these are marked as “Required” in the option description.

If you’re using Nunjucks macros in production with “html” options, or ones ending with “html”, you must sanitise the HTML to protect against cross-site scripting exploits.

Primary options
Name Type Description
items array The array of link objects. See items.
previous object A link to the previous page, if there is a previous page. See previous.
next object A link to the next page, if there is a next page. See next.
landmarkLabel string The label for the navigation landmark that wraps the pagination. Defaults to ‘results’.
classes string The classes you want to add to the pagination nav parent.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the pagination nav parent.
Options for items array objects
Name Type Description
number string The pagination item text - usually a page number.
visuallyHiddenText string The visually hidden label (for the pagination item) which will be applied to an aria-label and announced by screen readers on the pagination item link. Should include page number.
href string Required. The link’s URL.
current boolean Set to true to indicate the current page the user is on.
ellipsis boolean Use this option if you want to specify an ellipsis at a given point between numbers. If you set this option as true, any other options for the item are ignored.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor.
Options for previous object
Name Type Description
text string The link text to the previous page. Defaults to ‘Previous page’, where ‘page’ is visually hidden.
labelText string The optional label that goes underneath the link to the previous page, providing further context for the user about where the link goes.
href string Required. The previous page’s URL.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor.
Options for next object
Name Type Description
text string The link text to the next page. Defaults to ‘Next page’, where ‘page’ is visually hidden.
labelText string The optional label that goes underneath the link to the next page, providing further context for the user about where the link goes.
href string Required. The next page’s URL.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor. 
{% from "govuk/components/pagination/macro.njk" import govukPagination %}

{{ govukPagination({
  previous: {
    href: "#"
  },
  next: {
    href: "#"
  },
  items: [
    {
      number: 1,
      href: "#"
    },
    {
      number: 2,
      current: true,
      href: "#"
    },
    {
      number: 3,
      href: "#"
    }
  ]
}) }}

When to use this component

Consider using pagination when:

  • showing all the content on a single page makes the page take too long to load
  • most users will only need the content on the first page or first few pages

When not to use this component

Only break up content onto separate pages if it improves the performance or usability of your service.

Avoid using the ‘infinite scroll’ technique to automatically load content when the user approaches the bottom of the page. This causes problems for keyboard users.

Do not use this Pagination component for linear journeys — for example, where you’re asking the user to complete a form. Instead, use the Button component (usually a ‘Continue’ button) to let the user move to the next page — and a Back link to let them move to the previous page.

How it works

Add the pagination component after the content on each page that you’re paginating.

View an example of Pagination in a standard GOV.UK page template.

Do not show pagination if there’s only one page of content.

Redirect users to the first page if they enter a URL of a page that no longer exists.

For navigating between content pages

Use the ‘block’ style of pagination to let users navigate through related content that has been split across multiple pages. Stack the links vertically, so they’re more obvious to screen magnifier users when they’re zoomed in.

You can use link labels to give context on what the neighbouring pages are about.

Open this example in a new tab: pagination with text labels – pagination
HTML
<nav class="govuk-pagination govuk-pagination--block" role="navigation" aria-label="results">
  <div class="govuk-pagination__prev">
    <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" rel="prev">
      <svg class="govuk-pagination__icon govuk-pagination__icon--prev" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="13" width="15" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 15 13">
        <path d="m6.5938-0.0078125-6.7266 6.7266 6.7441 6.4062 1.377-1.449-4.1856-3.9768h12.896v-2h-12.984l4.2931-4.293-1.414-1.414z"></path>
      </svg>
      <span class="govuk-pagination__link-title">Previous</span><span class="govuk-visually-hidden">:</span>
      <span class="govuk-pagination__link-label">Applying for a provisional lorry or bus licence</span></a>
  </div>
  <div class="govuk-pagination__next">
    <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" rel="next"> <svg class="govuk-pagination__icon govuk-pagination__icon--next" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="13" width="15" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 15 13">
        <path d="m8.107-0.0078125-1.4136 1.414 4.2926 4.293h-12.986v2h12.896l-4.1855 3.9766 1.377 1.4492 6.7441-6.4062-6.7246-6.7266z"></path>
      </svg> <span class="govuk-pagination__link-title">Next</span><span class="govuk-visually-hidden">:</span>
      <span class="govuk-pagination__link-label">Driver CPC part 1 test: theory</span></a>
  </div>
</nav>
Nunjucks
Nunjucks macro options

Use options to customise the appearance, content and behaviour of a component when using a macro, for example, changing the text.

Some options are required for the macro to work; these are marked as “Required” in the option description.

If you’re using Nunjucks macros in production with “html” options, or ones ending with “html”, you must sanitise the HTML to protect against cross-site scripting exploits.

Primary options
Name Type Description
items array The array of link objects. See items.
previous object A link to the previous page, if there is a previous page. See previous.
next object A link to the next page, if there is a next page. See next.
landmarkLabel string The label for the navigation landmark that wraps the pagination. Defaults to ‘results’.
classes string The classes you want to add to the pagination nav parent.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the pagination nav parent.
Options for items array objects
Name Type Description
number string The pagination item text - usually a page number.
visuallyHiddenText string The visually hidden label (for the pagination item) which will be applied to an aria-label and announced by screen readers on the pagination item link. Should include page number.
href string Required. The link’s URL.
current boolean Set to true to indicate the current page the user is on.
ellipsis boolean Use this option if you want to specify an ellipsis at a given point between numbers. If you set this option as true, any other options for the item are ignored.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor.
Options for previous object
Name Type Description
text string The link text to the previous page. Defaults to ‘Previous page’, where ‘page’ is visually hidden.
labelText string The optional label that goes underneath the link to the previous page, providing further context for the user about where the link goes.
href string Required. The previous page’s URL.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor.
Options for next object
Name Type Description
text string The link text to the next page. Defaults to ‘Next page’, where ‘page’ is visually hidden.
labelText string The optional label that goes underneath the link to the next page, providing further context for the user about where the link goes.
href string Required. The next page’s URL.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor. 
{% from "govuk/components/pagination/macro.njk" import govukPagination %}

{{ govukPagination({
  previous: {
    labelText: "Applying for a provisional lorry or bus licence",
    href: "#"
  },
  next: {
    labelText: "Driver CPC part 1 test: theory",
    href: "#"
  }
}) }}

For navigating between pages of items

Use a list-type layout if users need to navigate through pages of similar items. For example, a list of search results or a list of cases in a case working system.

Open this example in a new tab: pagination with numbered labels – pagination
HTML
<nav class="govuk-pagination" role="navigation" aria-label="results">
  <div class="govuk-pagination__prev">
    <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" rel="prev">
      <svg class="govuk-pagination__icon govuk-pagination__icon--prev" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="13" width="15" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 15 13">
        <path d="m6.5938-0.0078125-6.7266 6.7266 6.7441 6.4062 1.377-1.449-4.1856-3.9768h12.896v-2h-12.984l4.2931-4.293-1.414-1.414z"></path>
      </svg>
      <span class="govuk-pagination__link-title">Previous</span></a>
  </div>
  <ul class="govuk-pagination__list">
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item">
      <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" aria-label="Page 1">
        1
      </a>
    </li>
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item govuk-pagination__item--ellipses">&ctdot;</li>
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item">
      <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" aria-label="Page 6">
        6
      </a>
    </li>
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item govuk-pagination__item--current">
      <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" aria-label="Page 7" aria-current="page">
        7
      </a>
    </li>
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item">
      <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" aria-label="Page 8">
        8
      </a>
    </li>
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item govuk-pagination__item--ellipses">&ctdot;</li>
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item">
      <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" aria-label="Page 42">
        42
      </a>
    </li>
  </ul>
  <div class="govuk-pagination__next">
    <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" rel="next"> <span class="govuk-pagination__link-title">Next</span> <svg class="govuk-pagination__icon govuk-pagination__icon--next" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="13" width="15" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 15 13">
        <path d="m8.107-0.0078125-1.4136 1.414 4.2926 4.293h-12.986v2h12.896l-4.1855 3.9766 1.377 1.4492 6.7441-6.4062-6.7246-6.7266z"></path>
      </svg></a>
  </div>
</nav>
Nunjucks
Nunjucks macro options

Use options to customise the appearance, content and behaviour of a component when using a macro, for example, changing the text.

Some options are required for the macro to work; these are marked as “Required” in the option description.

If you’re using Nunjucks macros in production with “html” options, or ones ending with “html”, you must sanitise the HTML to protect against cross-site scripting exploits.

Primary options
Name Type Description
items array The array of link objects. See items.
previous object A link to the previous page, if there is a previous page. See previous.
next object A link to the next page, if there is a next page. See next.
landmarkLabel string The label for the navigation landmark that wraps the pagination. Defaults to ‘results’.
classes string The classes you want to add to the pagination nav parent.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the pagination nav parent.
Options for items array objects
Name Type Description
number string The pagination item text - usually a page number.
visuallyHiddenText string The visually hidden label (for the pagination item) which will be applied to an aria-label and announced by screen readers on the pagination item link. Should include page number.
href string Required. The link’s URL.
current boolean Set to true to indicate the current page the user is on.
ellipsis boolean Use this option if you want to specify an ellipsis at a given point between numbers. If you set this option as true, any other options for the item are ignored.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor.
Options for previous object
Name Type Description
text string The link text to the previous page. Defaults to ‘Previous page’, where ‘page’ is visually hidden.
labelText string The optional label that goes underneath the link to the previous page, providing further context for the user about where the link goes.
href string Required. The previous page’s URL.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor.
Options for next object
Name Type Description
text string The link text to the next page. Defaults to ‘Next page’, where ‘page’ is visually hidden.
labelText string The optional label that goes underneath the link to the next page, providing further context for the user about where the link goes.
href string Required. The next page’s URL.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor. 
{% from "govuk/components/pagination/macro.njk" import govukPagination %}

{{ govukPagination({
  previous: {
    href: "#"
  },
  next: {
    href: "#"
  },
  items: [
    {
      number: 1,
      href: "#"
    },
    {
      ellipsis: true
    },
    {
      number: 6,
      href: "#"
    },
    {
      number: 7,
      current: true,
      href: "#"
    },
    {
      number: 8,
      href: "#"
    },
    {
      ellipsis: true
    },
    {
      number: 42,
      href: "#"
    }
  ]
}) }}

Show the page number in the page <title> so that screen reader users know they’ve navigated to a different page. For example, ‘Search results (page 1 of 4)’.

Show an appropriate number of pages to fit the horizontal space available.

For smaller screens, show page numbers for:

  • the current page
  • previous and next pages
  • first and last pages

For larger screens, show page numbers for:

  • the current page
  • at least one page immediately before and after the current page
  • first and last pages

Use ellipses (…) to replace any skipped pages. For example:

  • [1] 2 … 100
  • 1 [2] 3 … 100
  • 1 2 [3] 4 … 100
  • 1 2 3 [4] 5 … 100
  • 1 … 4 [5] 6 … 100
  • 1 … 97 [98] 99 100
  • 1 … 98 [99] 100
  • 1 … 99 [100]

First and last pages

Do not show the previous page link on the first page — and do not show the next page link on the last page.

Open this example in a new tab: first page – pagination
HTML
<nav class="govuk-pagination" role="navigation" aria-label="results">
  <ul class="govuk-pagination__list">
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item govuk-pagination__item--current">
      <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" aria-label="Page 1" aria-current="page">
        1
      </a>
    </li>
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item">
      <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" aria-label="Page 2">
        2
      </a>
    </li>
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item">
      <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" aria-label="Page 3">
        3
      </a>
    </li>
  </ul>
  <div class="govuk-pagination__next">
    <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" rel="next"> <span class="govuk-pagination__link-title">Next</span> <svg class="govuk-pagination__icon govuk-pagination__icon--next" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="13" width="15" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 15 13">
        <path d="m8.107-0.0078125-1.4136 1.414 4.2926 4.293h-12.986v2h12.896l-4.1855 3.9766 1.377 1.4492 6.7441-6.4062-6.7246-6.7266z"></path>
      </svg></a>
  </div>
</nav>
Nunjucks
Nunjucks macro options

Use options to customise the appearance, content and behaviour of a component when using a macro, for example, changing the text.

Some options are required for the macro to work; these are marked as “Required” in the option description.

If you’re using Nunjucks macros in production with “html” options, or ones ending with “html”, you must sanitise the HTML to protect against cross-site scripting exploits.

Primary options
Name Type Description
items array The array of link objects. See items.
previous object A link to the previous page, if there is a previous page. See previous.
next object A link to the next page, if there is a next page. See next.
landmarkLabel string The label for the navigation landmark that wraps the pagination. Defaults to ‘results’.
classes string The classes you want to add to the pagination nav parent.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the pagination nav parent.
Options for items array objects
Name Type Description
number string The pagination item text - usually a page number.
visuallyHiddenText string The visually hidden label (for the pagination item) which will be applied to an aria-label and announced by screen readers on the pagination item link. Should include page number.
href string Required. The link’s URL.
current boolean Set to true to indicate the current page the user is on.
ellipsis boolean Use this option if you want to specify an ellipsis at a given point between numbers. If you set this option as true, any other options for the item are ignored.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor.
Options for previous object
Name Type Description
text string The link text to the previous page. Defaults to ‘Previous page’, where ‘page’ is visually hidden.
labelText string The optional label that goes underneath the link to the previous page, providing further context for the user about where the link goes.
href string Required. The previous page’s URL.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor.
Options for next object
Name Type Description
text string The link text to the next page. Defaults to ‘Next page’, where ‘page’ is visually hidden.
labelText string The optional label that goes underneath the link to the next page, providing further context for the user about where the link goes.
href string Required. The next page’s URL.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor. 
{% from "govuk/components/pagination/macro.njk" import govukPagination %}

{{ govukPagination({
  next: {
    href: "#"
  },
  items: [
    {
      number: 1,
      current: true,
      href: "#"
    },
    {
      number: 2,
      href: "#"
    },
    {
      number: 3,
      href: "#"
    }
  ]
}) }}
Open this example in a new tab: last page – pagination
HTML
<nav class="govuk-pagination" role="navigation" aria-label="results">
  <div class="govuk-pagination__prev">
    <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" rel="prev">
      <svg class="govuk-pagination__icon govuk-pagination__icon--prev" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="13" width="15" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 15 13">
        <path d="m6.5938-0.0078125-6.7266 6.7266 6.7441 6.4062 1.377-1.449-4.1856-3.9768h12.896v-2h-12.984l4.2931-4.293-1.414-1.414z"></path>
      </svg>
      <span class="govuk-pagination__link-title">Previous</span></a>
  </div>
  <ul class="govuk-pagination__list">
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item">
      <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" aria-label="Page 1">
        1
      </a>
    </li>
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item">
      <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" aria-label="Page 2">
        2
      </a>
    </li>
    <li class="govuk-pagination__item govuk-pagination__item--current">
      <a class="govuk-link govuk-pagination__link" href="#" aria-label="Page 3" aria-current="page">
        3
      </a>
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav>
Nunjucks
Nunjucks macro options

Use options to customise the appearance, content and behaviour of a component when using a macro, for example, changing the text.

Some options are required for the macro to work; these are marked as “Required” in the option description.

If you’re using Nunjucks macros in production with “html” options, or ones ending with “html”, you must sanitise the HTML to protect against cross-site scripting exploits.

Primary options
Name Type Description
items array The array of link objects. See items.
previous object A link to the previous page, if there is a previous page. See previous.
next object A link to the next page, if there is a next page. See next.
landmarkLabel string The label for the navigation landmark that wraps the pagination. Defaults to ‘results’.
classes string The classes you want to add to the pagination nav parent.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the pagination nav parent.
Options for items array objects
Name Type Description
number string The pagination item text - usually a page number.
visuallyHiddenText string The visually hidden label (for the pagination item) which will be applied to an aria-label and announced by screen readers on the pagination item link. Should include page number.
href string Required. The link’s URL.
current boolean Set to true to indicate the current page the user is on.
ellipsis boolean Use this option if you want to specify an ellipsis at a given point between numbers. If you set this option as true, any other options for the item are ignored.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor.
Options for previous object
Name Type Description
text string The link text to the previous page. Defaults to ‘Previous page’, where ‘page’ is visually hidden.
labelText string The optional label that goes underneath the link to the previous page, providing further context for the user about where the link goes.
href string Required. The previous page’s URL.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor.
Options for next object
Name Type Description
text string The link text to the next page. Defaults to ‘Next page’, where ‘page’ is visually hidden.
labelText string The optional label that goes underneath the link to the next page, providing further context for the user about where the link goes.
href string Required. The next page’s URL.
attributes object The HTML attributes (for example, data attributes) you want to add to the anchor. 
{% from "govuk/components/pagination/macro.njk" import govukPagination %}

{{ govukPagination({
  previous: {
    href: "#"
  },
  items: [
    {
      number: 1,
      href: "#"
    },
    {
      number: 2,
      href: "#"
    },
    {
      number: 3,
      current: true,
      href: "#"
    }
  ]
}) }}

Filtering and sorting

Consider adding filtering or sorting options if it helps users to find what they need in a long list of pages. For example, the business support finder on GOV.UK has filtering options.

If the user filters or sorts the list of pages, apply this to the whole list (not just the current page) and redirect them back to the first page of the new results.

Set defaults to minimise how many pages most users have to click through to find what they need.

Research on this component

This component is based on similar ones developed and used successfully by the Government Digital Service, Ministry of Justice and the Home Office, and on feedback in the Design System backlog.

Help improve this component

To help make sure that this page is useful, relevant and up to date, you can:

Tell us if your service uses this component

Take part in our usage survey (opens in a new tab) to help us improve this component to better meet the needs of the services that use it.

Need help?

If you’ve got a question about the GOV.UK Design System, contact the team.